Philip Roth- Master of the Double Identity :: essays research papers fc

Philip Roth - Master of the â€Å"Double Identity† because he suffers from one What influences one's identity? Is it their homes, their parents, their religion, or maybe where they live? When do they get one? Do they get it when they understand right from wrong, or when they can read, or are they born with it? Everyone has one and each identity is unique, or is it? In literature, (or life) religion plays a large role in a character's identity. However, sometimes the writer's own religion and personal experiences shapes the character's identity more than his/her imagination does. A person's religion can play a big role in one's identity. Throughout his works, Philip Roth explores the theme of identity doubles. Roth's portrayal of identity formation in his characters is directly inspired by his own identity; his life. One of the most obvious examples of Roth's art imitating life is in two of his books naming the main characters after none other than himself. It was among some of the many startling gestures in his career; in Deception (1990) he referred to the main character as Philip and in Operation Shylock (1993) he made reference to the main character as Philip Roth. In her article titled, â€Å"Philip Roth's Fictions of Self Exposure†, Debra Shostak remarks how odd it is for an author to outwardly make reference to themselves when most authors want avoid any personal association with their work other than writing it, she further points out that Roth intentionally writes this way, making his career out of his reader's inclinations toward â€Å"biographical interpretations†: Few writers dare to name themselves at the center of their inventions, which is why it is so arresting to find a work of fiction that pronounces its author's name within the text. Because readers are frequently tempted, from either prurient interest or more impartial motives, to discern autobiography in a fictional narrative, most writers of fiction seem to labor out of modesty , a sense of privacy, or a display of imaginative capacities to erase the traces of their own lives from their work. Not so Philip Roth. Especially since his invention of Nathan Zuckerman, Roth has encouraged readers to interpret the narrative voice of his fiction as a self-revealing "I," a Roth surrogate who, by the time of Deception and Operation Shylock, is no longer a surrogate but is "Roth" himself†¦ What I argue here is not that Roth is, strictly, writing autobiographically, but rather that he makes capital out of his readers' inclinations toward biographical interpretations of his work.

Frankenstien essay Essay

How does Mary Shelley present Frankenstein’s monster and what is her message to readers? In this essay I shall be answering the question on how Mary Shelley present Frankenstein’s monster and what is her message to readers? ‘ I will also explore the irrational fears that existed, about the progress of science and scientific technology, in the 1800s and how they are addressed in the novel. I will conclude with a personal comment on Shelley’s portrayal of the creature and scientific progress. ‘Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus’ was written by Mary Shelley in the early 19th century. At that time it was very unusual for women to write and even more so because she was only 19 years of age. At this time there were many ambitious scientists. These new scientists were eager to research things they had not researched before. She first published the book anonymously in 1818 when critics hailed it as the work of a genius and were very much surprised when they found out that a woman had written it. This was also how initially reacted. Many scientific advances took place in the 18th and 19th centuries such as the invention of the lightning conductor, and the creation of the first prototype electric battery. In some ways, the creation of the creature by Frankenstein shows the dangers of humans trying to overreach their potential with scientific research and knowledge. Victor Frankenstein, an ambitious Swiss university student, dedicates his entire life to trying to create life. Nonetheless, when he succeeds, the ugliness and repulsiveness of the creature forces Frankenstein to reject it. The creature faces a life of solitude and loneliness and society rejects him even when it tries to help. This leads to the death of Frankenstein’s brother, William, whom the creature kills, and the servant, Justine, is hung after being found guilty of the crime. Frankenstein then incurs the wrath of the creature by making a mate for it and then destroying it. This leads to the death of Henry Clerval, his best friend, and Elizabeth, his wife. In the end both the creature and Frankenstein die. The death of so many people can be a way of showing that scientific advance is not always the best way to go and that it can be dangerous at times. Themes which are, explored in Frankenstein; are madness, dreams and nightmares. During Shelley’s time there was a fear of new technology because of the dread that machines would replace humans as workers; this would leave many of the peasants, and working class is out of a job. This led to riots and revolutions such as the Luddite riots of 1811, which saw machines smashed in violent reaction. This can be linked to riots and demonstrations today against abortion and test-tube babies that one sees in the media everyday. The novel begins with the expedition of an explorer named Walton. Walton is about to fulfill his ambition and go on his expedition to the North Pole. He wants to go to the North Pole because he wants to be remembered by discovering a place where ‘no man has ever gone’. Walton writes a letter to his sister from St. Petersburg. In his letter Walton says that he knows that ordinary people are worried about his ambitions. He says his sister regards it as an ‘evil forbidding’. Walton prepares for the expedition by being hard and very tough on himself as if he enjoys torturing himself. He states in the letter that he: â€Å"Endured cold, famine, thirst, and want of sleep† Victor Frankenstein wants to push back the boundaries of science. He wants to create life so that people would live longer. The reason he desires to bring back life is that no one else had accomplished this before. He is also a scientist and wants to be remembered like all scientists. Victor Frankenstein is also very excited because he not only thinks he can bring back life but he also thinks he could create life. He says: â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source† He thinks he’s going to be thanked and thought of like a god by the new species he is about to create. Frankenstein prepares for this by attending lectures, reading books, not sleeping and putting himself wholly into his work: â€Å"Stars often disappeared into the light of the morning whilst I was yet engaged in my laboratory†, meaning that Frankenstein spent so much time in the laboratory the nights passed quickly. This also shows the devotion to his work. His work appears to be dangerous because he went to places like ‘charnel houses’ and ‘vaults’, which are considered to be very creepy. He spent days inside these places to collect ‘raw materials’, that is, body parts for his creation. This indicates that he is prepared to do anything to accomplish his ambition, to bring back life. When the creature is in the process of being created, Frankenstein is portrayed as a fanatic and maniac about what he is doing. He neglected his health due to his commitment to his work. I can discern this because he says: â€Å"My cheek had grown pale with study, and my person had become emaciated with confinement. † This tells me that he has become very ill because of his steadfastness on his mission to create artificial life. This can mean that he is too committed to reaching an objective that is out of any human’s reach. In a way Mary Shelley also shows how Frankenstein is breaking society’s taboos by: â€Å"[collecting] bones from charnel houses; and disturbing, with profane fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame. † This is shown as going against nature and as evil. He also describes his aim as filthy, with the use of the words: â€Å"†¦ my workshop of filthy creation†¦ â€Å"

The Legal Drinking Age At The United States Of America

Vinny Messina Professor Newell ENC 1102 03 May 2015 Time to Look at the Facts There have been many recent debates on the subject of the legal age to drink alcoholic beverages in the United States of America. Some otherwise intelligent people want to lower the legal drinking age to eighteen rather than keep it at twenty-one, the current federally mandated drinking age. In Time Magazine Mary Cary, author of Time to Lower the Drinking Age, puts forth the position that lowering the drinking age would actually be beneficial to society. Though lowering the drinking age to eighteen may lead to solutions to underage drinking, many other, more dangerous issues may arise from teenagers who begin to drink earlier in life; this is the greater matter that and it should not be overlooked on this issue. According to Mary Cary, lowering the drinking age would not increase drunk driving and the deaths associated with it. She believes that the issue of drunk driving has already been addressed and that the problem no longer exists. She states that, Th anks to MADD, drunken driving isn’t the problem it used to be, and she mentions that this is the case because, we now throw the book at drunken drivers in this country (Cary). While both of these issues may be true, she does not connect these two facts to lowering the drinking age. Lowering the drinking age may, in fact, increase the risk of drunk driving since alcohol will be more readily available to young people who have a reputationShow MoreRelatedEmily Blair . Ms.Kaba. Research Paper. 13 May 2017. The1124 Words   |  5 Pages13 May 2017 The Legal Drinking Age is Not Working A problem that is becoming very prevalent throughout the United States is underage drinking. Although the legal age of alcohol consumption is twenty one, alcohol abuse still remains a significant problem with American youth. Almost all alcohol consumption by teenagers is done through binge drinking. In America the age of eighteen is when you are finally considered an â€Å"adult†. Although you are now considered an adult and have legal and social responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1700 Words   |  7 PagesNational Minimum Drinking Age Act made all 50 states raise the legal drinking age to 21(Dejong). The debate is on whether the age should be lowered or not. Statistically, having the age at 21 has been very helpful in keeping the nation safe. If there is not an issue with age now, would it make sense to lower the age and create unnecessary problems? In this case, the negative effects outweigh the positive. Simply because there is no good in lowering the age. The legal drinking age has been set atRead MoreUnderage Drinking At The United States916 Words   |  4 PagesAs an eighteen year old in America, you are able to sign housing contracts, join the military, marry a loved one, or even own a firearm but you cannot have a legal drink. We are allowing young American citizens to sign their life away to fight for our country yet if they are seen with a beer they will experience legal complications. Also, at the age of eighteen you are able to smoke and purchase cigarettes, why make drinking different? Underage drinking in America is inevitable. Bill H.R 734, EliminatingRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1211 Words   |  5 Pages Some people find it hard to understand that at the age of eighteen you can fight and die for your country, but you cannot legally drink or purchase alcoholic beverages. Others find it hard to believe that there are people who want people under the age of twenty-one drinking. The important question is: should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen instead of remaining at twent y-one? The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can consume or purchase alcohol. These laws cover a wide rangeRead MoreAmerica s Legal Drinking Age Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone knows that the United States’s drinking age is at 21, much higher than England’s drinking age. Many people believe that we cause way less destructions than the people of England, but that’s not true. We actually cause more accidents and destructions than they do. The United States’s death rate is actually ranked 39 out of 172 countries at 2.91 while England is ranked at 1.70 on a scale of death rate per 100,000. (ALCOHOL DEATH RATE BY COUNTRY. World Life Expectancy. N.p., n.d. Web. 23Read MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Drinking Alcohol1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthe consumption of alcohol but it can be said that drinking alcohol has both positive and negative effects. Controversy may arise between opposing sides that those below the age of twenty-one are not r esponsible enough to drink however are allowed a driving license or a driver’s permit. In the United States of America, society and lawmakers focus more on the negative impacts of alcohol consumption especially when it comes to who we allow drinking, and do not consider that teenagers are able to thinkRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age For The United States Government Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmultiple policies that should be taken into high consideration for the United States government. However, one specific topic that needs to be addressed is the legal drinking age. As of now, the legal drinking age in America is 21. To some residents, this law is considerably reasonable. To others, having the drinking age of 21 seems unnecessary for multiple reasons. Most people would agree that having the current drinking age allows for more responsible teens and young adults. Yet in most cases, thisRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Unit ed States of America, the National Government requires the states to enforce a legal drinking age of twenty-one. Where as the world average drinking age is eighteen, and in some Countries it is even lower where it is possible to get a beer at sixteen years of age. Taking that into consideration, there is a great deal of controversy in the United States on what the legal age should be to purchase and consume an alcoholic beverage. The largest issue being that you are considered to be anRead MoreLowering The Drinking Legal Age872 Words   |  4 Pageshas its limit age that allows people to drink Alcoholic beverage. In the United States of America, most people are able to drink and purchase alcohol at the legal age of twenty-one. Unlike the United States, most countries around the world allow their citizen to drink alcohol under the age of 21. Many American wants the U.S. government to minimize the drinking legal (MLDA) from 21 to 18 so they will be similar to other countries around t he world that allowed people to drink at the age of 18. DavidRead MoreDrinking Culture and American Social Norms1318 Words   |  6 PagesSPEECH #3 – PERSUASIVE SPEECH Name: DANIEL C. DILIGENT Title: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age Specific Purpose: To argue in favor of lowering the minimum legal drinking age in the United States. Thesis Statement: I will discuss 1) the current legal drinking age, 2) the effect that this drinking age has upon American social norms, and 3) the potential benefits of a lower drinking age. I. INTRODUCTION A. Hook: Alcohol is ever-present in today’s American society. Television viewers are constantly bombarded

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Sigmund Freuds Method and Theory of Dream Analysis Essay

I wrote this paper to get a better understanding of Sigmund Freud’s method and theory of dream analysis. The purpose of the paper will be to show the principals of Freud’s dream related theory that focuses on the physiology, interpretation, and psychology of dreams and to explain concepts such as latent and manifest content of dreams, the part of unconscious process, and the nature of dreams role in the determination of dream content. I would like to explore Sigmund Freud’s explanations of psycho-analytic and psychological theory and method to reveal whether Freud’s continuous revising to sexually based conclusions are able to support his own arguments. One of his themes was the amount of activity that goes on in our brains without us even†¦show more content†¦There are numerous theories regarding the function of our dreams, they are mainly based on speculation more than research. This enchanted place of consciousness is what got me interested abo ut dreams. Dreams are based on the individual in that we usually dream of ourselves. I feel that greater understanding of our dreams will have a major influence for individuals to understand themselves better. Why people dream, what they dream of, and what is the meaning of their dreams, are topics of interests with many types of researchers, artists, and some clinical practitioners. Freud believed our dreams gave insight to our deep desires of love, money, and acceptance or any yearning of the individual. The point of view of which Freud interprets and examines the manifest of dreams content to obtain their latent meaning is of a professional psychologist and clinical observer who looked for a way to explain how our minds work and how the individual psychology functions. He based his work on clinical experiences and clinical neurosis of the matter of his own interpretations to be able to confirm his theories as a proven fact. The result Freud gets from the patients he observes and interpretation of their dreams are stereotyped to the complete human condition. Our dreams are objects of endless enchantment and mystery for mankind as far back as the beginning of time. The nocturnalShow MoreRelatedEssay on What is useful in Freuds theory of dreams?1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind  ».1 While Freud already used hypnosis and free association with his patients, he soon felt the need to include the interpretation of dreams in psychoanalysis as well. Freud decided he would developped his theory of dreams to go further in his analysis. According to Freud, dreams allow unconscious desires, fears or emotions to express themselves in a disguised way. Dreams are an expression of wishRead MoreReaction Paper of Sigmund Freud1227 Words   |  5 PagesGiulia Valeria Cavallari Central Philippine University BS Psychology 1 Reaction Paper on Sigmund Freud works Heroically, Freud dominated the 20 the century. Indeed from his birth in 1856 to his death in 1939, Freud’s contribution to psychology and a host of other areas of human endeavor has been so outstanding and far reaching that it may be very difficult to envision several aspects of popular culture without a Freudian perspective. Moreover, while it hasRead MoreEssay on The Contributions of Sigmund Freud1498 Words   |  6 PagesPsychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was a physiologist, and medical doctor and a psychologist. During the span of his research in psychotherapy he was criticized by many who claimed his research was not science. Although it has been decades and Freud’s work has filled many of today’s psychology textbooks, there are contemporary critics who still question the legitimacy of Freud’s scientific work. Sigmund Freud’s achievements unlocked the unconscious and developed modern psychotherapy. Freud’s childhood wasRead MoreInterpreta tion Of Dreams In Kalpa Sutra833 Words   |  4 PagesInterpretation of Dreams in Kalpa Sutra: Comparative Analysis with Freud’s Psychology of Dreams ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The study attempts to analyze the psychology of dreams as given in ancient Jain text – Kalpa Sutra. Further this psychology and interpretation of dreams has been discussed in view of a renowned psychologist – Sigmund Freud how he understands of the psychology of dreams. The comparativeRead MoreSigmund Freud Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesmillions when Freud first opened the discussion of human nature (Freud). Sigmund Freud, born in 1856 and died in 1939, was known to be the father of psychoanalysis (Jones). He lived his whole life trying to reach into the human unconsciousness and unravel the puzzle of life, human personality, and human nature (Chiriac). Sigmund Freud was influenced by the environment post World War I, and influenced the world through his theories and his publications produced in this era, and a way of thinking beyondRead MoreThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud And Alfred Adler999 Words   |  4 Pagescontent of this paper is to describe and cri tique the personality theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler. Within this paper, the background of the theorist will be discussed along with personality theories. This paper will also provide description some of the major principles of personality theories to include lifespan personality changes, gender and culture. The last section will be a personal opinion, why and conclusion of the theories how it can be conceptualized regarding my own family situationRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis1339 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud Biographic Description of Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg (currently known as Czech Republic). Freud is best known as the founder of psychoanalysis, which entails a scientific analysis of unpacking unconscious conflicts based on free associations, fantasies, and dreams of the patient. He was among the greatest psychologists of the 20th century, and his legacy lasts up to now. While young (4 years old), his family relocated to Vienna where he lived andRead MoreThe Founder Of Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud Was A Physiologist,1456 Words   |  6 PagesPsychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was a physiologist, and medical doctor and a psychologist. During the span of his research in psychotherapy he was criticized by many who claimed his research was not science. Although it has been decades and Freud’s work has filled many of today’s psychology textbooks, there are contemporary critics who still question the legitimacy of Freud’s scientific work. Sigmund Freud’s achievements unlocked the unconscious and developed modern psychotherapy. Freud’s childhood wasRead MoreSimund Freud and The Treatment of Neurosis and Psychosis1001 Words   |  5 Pagesmedicine. Sigmund Freud is known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. His ideas became building the blocks of psychology. He provided many insights on the human mind, and thoughts on how to treat issues in it. It’s kind of hard to believe, seeing that he was probably out his mind half the time. He has helped guide the way for the ideas of psychology today. Sigmund got old along with his ideas. He died, but is his ideas still alive? In this paper, I will research the ideas and methods of Sigmund FreudRead MoreEssay on Sigmund Freud714 Words   |  3 PagesSigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and father of psychoanalysis, is recognized as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant. He invented new techniques and for understanding human behavior, his efforts resulted in one of the most comprehensive theories of psychology developed. Freud was born May 6, 1856 in Freiberg in Moravia (what is now Czechoslovakia)

Learning from Brad free essay sample

What do you do when you are at the supermarket doing your weekly shopping and you encounter someone with special needs? Do you stare at them uncomfortably, turn around and walk the other way, or talk to them? I used to do everything in my power to avoid eye contact, afraid that I might upset them or hurt their feelings. My fear, as with many people, came from lack of education about developmental disabilities. My hands-on education began with Brad. At the age of thirteen, I started volunteering at Camp Sunshine, a recreational camp for children and adults with special needs. Brad, a fifteen year-old boy with a form of muscular dystrophy, was the camper I was assigned to that first summer. His disability affected his muscle tone, so he had a slight limp and was very small for his age. What he lacked in size he made up for in imagination. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning from Brad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each day, he would put on a production of the Wizard of Oz, complete with morning casting sessions, lunchtime intermission, and end of the day bows. Despite having a disability, he was one of the happiest people I had ever met. I thoroughly enjoyed that first summer at Camp Sunshine, and I wished it would never end. Imagine my surprise and excitement when I walked into the lunch room on the first day of high school and saw Brad sitting at a table eating his customary peanut butter and ketchup sandwich. Brad was a member of the self-contained Transitions class in which I was a classroom assistant during my free period. When I was helping in the class I would work one-on-one with him to help him with his assignments. We would work on reading, writing, and grammar skills. The best part about assisting him in school was the smile and unique compliment he would give me each day. When I walked in, I would hear, â€Å"You look very beautiful today Danielle,† or â€Å"You are such a nice girl, Danielle.† Those compliments were simple and easy to say, but meant more to me than Brad will ever know. My experiences with Brad provided me with a newfound appreciation and respect for people with disabilities and led me to choose to pursue a career in Occupational Therapy. I eagerly and enthusiastically look forward to one day being able to help individuals like Brad overcome the physical limitations that they deal with on a daily basis. My goal is to provide therapy that will encourage and support these individuals as they gain independence and learn to accomplish tasks that would otherwise be beyond their capabilities. Camp Sunshine has uniquely qualified me for this profession by enhancing my patience, understanding and compassion for others. I have learned that there is nothing to be scared of and no reason to judge because people with disabilities are some of the most lovable, intelligent, and big-hearted individuals one will ever meet.

Explain why there was no clear succession to Lenin in 1924. free essay sample

Explain why at the time of Lenin’s death there was no obvious successor to lead the USSR? (12) Although Lenin’s death was relatively expected, there was still a lot of confusion over who would succeed him to lead the USSR. There are a number of reasons to why this occurred but there are still disputes about who Lenin wanted to succeed him and why he didn’t leave someone who he thought would be best for the job in charge of his beloved USSR. Despite Lenin having preferences, nobody was aware of these preferences due to his testament not being publically shown – nevertheless, Lenin’s testament left no clear indication of whom he wanted to take over his reign. In his testament he clearly insinuates that none of the men leading the chase were capable of his role as they all leading Communists showed weaknesses. For example, Lenin knew Trotsky was an obvious contender for power once he died, however Lenin also understood that Trotsky had personal downfalls and he had no real and secure fan-base. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain why there was no clear succession to Lenin in 1924. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was clear to Lenin that Trotsky was good at organisation due to the Red Armies triumph during the civil war, however Lenin questioned Trotsky’s ability to rule and lead the USSR. The fact that Lenin’s Testament was never shown was very lucky to one contender, Stalin, as in that Testament, it stated how Lenin did not want Stalin to succeed him due to reasons such as, Stalin arguing and disrespecting Lenin’s wife. The Testament not being publicised was a huge factor as to why there was no obvious successor to lead the USSR at the time of Lenin’s death as if it was shown, candidates such as Stalin would have been knocked of their stage and would no longer be a rival for power; thus making less contenders, consequently and easier and shorter struggle to find Lenin’s successor. In the USSR at the time of Lenin’s death there was no voting system for power. Although the Communists were the party destined to lead the USSR and there was no dangerous rival for their authority, the fact that there was no voting system, left a dent in works as by having rivals for power within the same party would cause huge divisions between the left-, centre and right-wing of the Communist party. To conclude, another consisting factor as to why there was no obvious successor to Lenin was the fact that there was no voting system within the USSR, as by having one, the people would have been able to vote for their preferred leader, instead of a battle between leading Communists such as Stalin, Trotsky, Bukharin, Zinoviev and Kamenev. Lenin had a huge ego. Some argue that his  self-confidence was the main factor as to why there was no clear successor to him; Lenin viewed himself as practically flawless, and during his reign, his possible successors did not help themselves, as they all showed weaknesses. Trotsky showed Lenin how he was a powerful leader when it came to the Red Army, but showed weakness in his political power, although he was a very smart man, Trotsky made no attempt to build a power base. Lenin witnessed Stalin have high and lows throughout, but ultimately decided to g against Stalin in his Testament, which, if published would have ruined Stalin’s political career. All other rivals for power also showed weakness which led to there being no clear successor, due to Lenin believing that no contender could complete the correct Marxist theory as he could, and could solve Russia’s problems. Lenin was a dictator, not a King, he didn’t rule the nation by birthmark or descent, he worked hard to get where he was. Due to the fact that no one could easily succeed him like they could from a royal family – the leading Bolsheviks had to choose the candidate they saw fit for the job, and seeing as Lenin didn’t leave his preferred successor, the Bolsheviks were left to decide. There was no obvious successor to Lenin at the time of his death because, firstly, Lenin did not feel that any of the leading contenders were capable enough of taken control of the USSR, this was evident in his Testament, although that did state that he did not want Stalin to take of succeed him. Secondly, there was no voting system, which meant that there was no outright leading candidate through which the people of the USSR chose. Thirdly because all rivals for power had weaknesses so Lenin could not choose, despite his Testament having no clear indication to whom he wanted to take over, the fact that it was no published helped other candidates such as Stalin, so if it was published, it may have helped distinguish a leading contender for leadership of the USSR.a