Friday, August 21, 2020

Magnesium Oxide Chemistry Report free essay sample

The motivation behind this test is to play out an examination of the burning of magnesium and assemble exact information of masses and locate the quantity of moles of the substance through the stoichiometry mole condition so as to assess the experimental recipe of magnesium oxide. In science, mixes can be-be recognized by utilizing the experimental recipe. The equation gives the easiest positive proportion whole number proportion components in a compound. The American equation is to a great extent utilized in deciding the proportion of components inside ionic mixes where the structure is of no-directional nature of holding where any particle whenever could be encircled by 4,6 or 8 oppositely charged ions.Which makes an example of an interminable rehashing grid of particles they don't exist as a free unit of molecules however in a gem cross section with rehashing particles in explicit proportions which is the reason the exact recipe is utilized as a type of distinguishing proof for characterizing an ionic-reinforced substance. We will compose a custom article test on Magnesium Oxide Chemistry Report or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The anticipated recipe of magnesium oxide is MgO from information on the intermittent table and comprehension of holding. So as to decide the experimental recipe, for when two reactants experience a compound response. the quantity of moles from of every component that joins together to frame a compound must be found. The estimation of moles of the various particles in a compound is required. The quantity of particles, in one mole in a substance is characterized as the quantity of molecules inside 12 grams of C12. Mole is a unit used to quantify the quantity of iotas, it tends to be contrasted with the unit dozen which is utilized to allude to whatever has an estimation of 12. One mole is 6ãÆ' x 1023 iotas or particles and this unit is known as the Avogadro number. So as to decide the formulae by try, Magnesium metal (strip) is warmed in air until it is consolidated by oxygen making magnesium oxide.The burning of magnesium will give information which can be utilized to compute the experimental recipe of magnesium oxide. The measure of oxygen can be controlled by the law of discussion of mass; as the oxygen will respond with the magnesium strip to create a measure of magnesium oxide. Which can be changed over into mole do locate the least difficult molar proportion giving the experimental recipe of magnesium. The valence security hypothesis is a concoction holding hypothesis that utilizes Lewis structures, to exhibit how bonds are shaped utilizing shared electrons between covering orbitals on adjoining molecules. An ionic compound is framed by development of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal which implies an octet has be created from remain particles. During this procedure the quantity of protons doesn't change; utilizing the occasional table we can see that metal particles in Groups 1-3 lose electrons to non-metal iotas with 5-7 electrons missing in the external level.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

The Idiots Guide to Sat 2016 Essay Samples

The Idiot's Guide to Sat 2016 Essay Samples Through advertising, promotion, and food engineering, these businesses can help it become appealing and convenient to eat much healthier foods. Perhaps you are reluctant to find help because you were once conned by means of a scam on-line help. We offer flexible system of discounts, but in addition our discount policy that permits you to conserve money on ordering essays at one time. Thus, it's quite important to look after the phone carefully. A Secret Weapon for Sat 2016 Essay Samples Most importantly, we'll take care of every client with respect and offer personal attention from your very first enquiry. The most important point is, you don't need to wait until you find the prompt to come up with an arsenal of kinds of argument-building techniques you may use to back up your points. Only a few steps are involved. You should have all pieces of the test under control before you demonstrate your skills in their complete entirety. Lies You've Been Told About Sat 2016 Essay Samples The very last thing you would like is to need to retake the full exam, or, worse yet, not have the ability to apply to a specific college, simply because you took the exam without the essay. A standard question regarding SAT scores is whether the entire mess can be prevented by skipping the essay. Attempt to finish your SAT registration after possible, because the late registration usually needs an additional fee. The new variant of the SAT reading section differs, but nevertheless, it shouldn't be harder than the old one in the event that you know what to anticipate! The Foolproof Sat 2016 Essay Samples Strategy In spite of the fact that Score Choice permits you to pick which day's scores you send to colleges, you will not ever be able to send only some scores from a particular test day. As baffling as this might appear, it's actually invaluable. Bear in mind the combined score. Sat 2016 Essay Samples: No Longer a Myste ry Eliminate (B) because the author doesn't state that big thoughts want to break from the receiver's head, only they could if they're not given enough time to develop. These are pretty big problems, but that means writers have a whole lot of different opinions about how to speak about complex issues. The student needs to support their answer with evidence from the passage. The Sat 2016 Essay Samples Cover Up Policies are generally finalized in late spring or during the summertime. Thus, it's the ideal choice to purchase from the stores immediately. Rumors, Deception and Sat 2016 Essay Samples Have a veterinarian or expert friend demonstrate how to track down the quick. There are a lot of students in your school who intend to graduate and head directly to a number of the biggest colleges in the nation. You'll ideally wish to compose a couple practice essays before you sit for the true thing. Be sure to provide your favorite teachers enough time to compose your letter of r ecommendation. Most Noticeable Sat 2016 Essay Samples Learn more about the way the essay is scored. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. Or you are able to view 18 essays all on a single page. The essay provides you with an opportunity to reveal how effectively you may read and comprehend a passage and compose an essay analyzing the passage. However, this holiday gratitude is about you, and the way you are able to feel much better. That is why it's completely feasible to get ready for the essay beforehand. Don't worry if a number of the articles you stumble across seem long. All the information that you need to compose your essay will be contained in the passage or in notes about it. For that, learn if your preferred colleges need such essays. You'll receive a high essay scores. If you would like to practice the new SAT essay, very good news! The SSAT essay is the initial portion of the SSAT exam. Here are some sample questions supplied by the College Board. Past Papers Below are a few of the last SATs papers. Colleges which do not require the SAT Essay fall into the consider and don't consider camps. ACT makes it tough to acquire a replica of your Writing essay, but College Board includes it as part of your internet report.

Friday, May 15, 2020

The Anatomy And Physiology Of Blood Vessels Essay

Circulation 1. Compare and contrasts the anatomy and physiology of blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries. Why are these differences significant in the overall function of the circulatory system? Please be specific. The arteries are thicker and more elastic because of the fast pumping of blood that leaves the heart to other organs to the body, as where the veins are small due to the low blood flow because of the slow movement from the capillaries to the veins not like the forceful pumping from the heart to the arteries to the rest of the body. The Oxygenated blood goes through the arteries except the pulmonary arteries. Then Deoxygenated blood goes through the veins except the pulmonary veins. The lumen of the artery is narrow, were as the lumen of the veins is wider. There are not valves in the arteries, were as the valves are present in veins. In the arteries, endothelial cells of tunica intima are more long then wider, and have more elastic membrane that is more developed. Then the Tunica media is more muscular, and the tunica extrema is not as developed. In veins, the endothelial cells of tunica intima are not as long and have more elastic membrane then being developed. The Tunica media is l ess muscular were the tunica extrema is more developed. Arteries are deep within and the veins are more superficial. Capillaries are microscopic vessels; they carry blood from the arterioles then go to the small veins or venules. The wall of the capillary made up of aShow MoreRelatedAnatomy And Physiology And Describe Their Subdivisions942 Words   |  4 Pages1) Define anatomy and physiology and describe their subdivisions. - Anatomy studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. Body structures can be seen, felt, and examined closely. - Gross, or macroscopic, anatomy: Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs and kidneys. - Regional anatomy, all the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examinedRead MoreVascular Lymphatic System And Atherosclerosis1280 Words   |  6 PagesJazmin Fontan Bryant Stratton College AHLT120: Anatomy and Physiology-1 Dr. Pamela K. Hannaman, MS, ND, CPC, CMRS, CCMA November 18, 2015 Narrowing and hardening of the artery walls causing buildup of fatty tissues (plaque), cholesterol and other substances, which may restrict blood flow is referred to as atherosclerosis. Having restriction of blood flow develops damage to a patients’ organs and also increases the risk of heart attacks, blood clots, and strokes overtime (WebMD, 2015). ItRead MoreEssay about Eggs, Sperm, and Hormones1114 Words   |  5 Pagesopening. Semen comes from the prostate gland and the main function of this fluid is to transport sperm to the female reproductive system. a. Thompson, G. (n.d.). Understanding Anatomy and Physiology. Understanding Anatomy and Physiology. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from https://content.learntoday.info/collegis/eBooks/Anatomy/OPS/book.html?page=431# b. McMahon, M., Osborne, K. (2014, May 24). What is Semen?. WiseGeek. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sperm.htm 2. TheRead MoreWeek One Study Guide Anatomy and Physiology Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesAN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY 1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy: The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other organisms, esp. as revealed by dissection. Physiology: The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Anatomy and physiology are connected in the wayRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System Across The Lifespan889 Words   |  4 Pagescardiovascular system across the lifespan An investigation will be conducted in to the cardiovascular system across the lifespan of individuals with and without learning disabilities from birth to later life. This essay will explain and describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system span from birth to later adulthood. Whilst also looking at specific conditions and disorders that can present across the lifespan of an individual the discussion examines these disorders and conditions, ExamplesRead MoreUsing One Cell Necessary For Life And Discusses Its Properties Of Life1334 Words   |  6 Pagesin plants and animal functioning. This essay aims at using one cell necessary for life and discusses its properties of life, the core chemical terminology, its molecules, and compounds. Specifically, the assignment will describe the basic anatomy and physiology of the cell, how the cell respiration, photosynthesis, and reproduction occur in a concise manner. The paper will also discuss Mendel’s Laws as well as the DNA structure and function of the cell. Finally, the paper will conclude by discussingRead MoreBlood Pressure Regulation1269 Words   |  6 PagesBlood pressure regulation and changes occurring after increase in blood pressure Each time the heart pumps, it sends blood all over the body to supply organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients. The strength of the force created as the heart pumps blood into the vessels together with the vessels’ resistance to the blood flow is defined as the body’s blood pressure (Darovic, 2002). A normal range blood pressure (BP) must be between 100-130mmHg systolic (when the heart is beating) and 60-90mmHgRead MoreHomeostatic Mechanisms That Maintain Body Fluid Levels Essay4196 Words   |  17 PagesTransport- requires protein carriers that join together reversibly with the substances to be transported across the membrane using (ATP) to energize its protein carriers also known as solute pumping Ref:Marieb, Elaine, N, Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Pearson, International, Edn, 9th, 2009, ppg, 76,78 Which is the most important electrolyte for the maintenance of osmosis pressure and volume in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment? The most important electrolyte is sodium whichRead MoreNervous Systems And The Nervous System1749 Words   |  7 Pagesin the blood causing the carbon dioxide to become carbonic acid this causes the pH in the blood to be lowered. Thereafter the receptors in the blood which are chemoreceptors detect the change of pH. A message gets sent by the chemoreceptors by a sensory neurone to the brain. The sensory neurone connects to the relay neurone which then sends a message through the motor neurone away from the CNS. Thereafter the cardiac muscles contract more and the blood vessels dilate causing more blood to flowRead MoreHomeostasis: Feedback and Body1616 Words   |  7 Pagesinside the cells, one third of it fills the narrow spaces outside the cells. That fluid is identified as the extracellular fluid. (Guyton Hall, 2006). Extracellular fluid is always in constant motion, travelling throughout the body in the circulating blood. Ions and nutrients that make up the extracellular fluid are needed by cells to sustain cell life. Hence, all cells in essence live in the same environment – the extracellular fluid. In addition, the proper functionality of body cells is also highly

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Plato, Descartes, and the Matrix - 603 Words

Modern American philosopher; Hilary Putman’s thought experiment called the Brain in the Vat, emphasizes a person’s brain placed inside a container filled with fluids and the fluids is an aid to preserving the brain. Wires are connected to the brain senses (vision, smell, hearing, taste and touch) using electronic impulses that is attached to a computer. Sense information is imputed to the brain from the computer by a computer network administrator. For example, information telling the brain, â€Å"You are running in Italy, and you smell pizza.† The brain perceives this information as reality. The movie The Matrix is based on the Brain in the Vat. The Matrix, Rene Descartes, Meditation I Of The Things Of Which We May Doubt and Plato’s,†¦show more content†¦Philosophy 201. Presentation: The Challenge ofShow MoreRelatedPlato, Descartes, And The Matrix1150 Words   |  5 PagesSamoria Preston PHIL 201 Dr. Alexander Jech 27 November 2015 Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix Life and human existence give rise to a practically endless list of philosophical questions. Among the plethora of abstract and complexity are found questions regarding the nature of our existence and the world in which surrounds us: â€Å"What can we truly know? How can we accurately depict reality? Can we know absolutely anything for sure?† Such questions lead us down roads that twist and turn remainingRead MorePlato, Descartes, and the Matrix Essay654 Words   |  3 PagesPlato, Descartes, and The Matrix Kyra Eigenberger Liberty University Deception is the foundational issue prevalent in The Matrix, Plato’s allegory of the cave, and Rene Descartes meditations. In each of these excerpts the goal of answering the question of what is real and how to uncover the truth is essential. Another question that arises throughout all three excerpts is whether or not the individuals will be able to handle the truth when it is finally learnt. In The Matrix Morpheus revealsRead MoreComparing Plato And Descartes The Matrix, The Allegory Of The Cave889 Words   |  4 PagesThe short stories, written by both authors Plato and Descartes; The Matrix, The Allegory of the Cave, and Meditations on First Philosophy, focuses on what individuals believe to be reality or not within the world. The stories bring on questions of what is in fact illusion. Overall, the stories provide a guide to the truth. According to Wachowski, A, Wachowski, L (1999) in the Matrix, Mr. Anderson questions everything in the world as he knows it. He wonders if what he is involved in a computer programRead MoreComparing The Matrix With Readings From Plato And Descartes1023 Words   |  5 Pagescontrasting The Matrix with readings from Plato and Descartes This essay will discuss The Matrix, from synopsis of the following; The Republic by Plato, depicting the famous cave allegory, and Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes, offering doubt that some senses are accurate. By examining these two readings, and the movie, it will allow the author to show some comparisons, and to show how they are also different as this essay indicates the world is very real. The Matrix In The MatrixRead MoreComparing the Views of Plato, Descartes, and the Themes of The Matrix995 Words   |  4 PagesPlato, Descartes and the Matrix Every philosopher seems to be more concerned with constitutes reality than any other factor. When different ones were discussing the law, mathematics, science they were still trying to nail down reality to their satisfaction and determine what it is and whether it truly exists the way people have always believe that it does. Descartes for example was a noted mathematician who is still studied to this day. All three snippets are looking at whether reality, actualRead MoreThe Matrix, Descartes First Meditation, And Plato s The Allegory Of The Cave909 Words   |  4 Pagestheir lives. These questions date back since man was made. Nobody knows 100% what happens to us when we die, or what our purpose is in life. Humans have a natural instinct to raise questions to material that we are uncertain of. The movie The Matrix, Descartes First Meditation, and Plato’s The Allegory of the Cave all raise different aspects to questions such as do I exist, what is reality, and how do I know? In The Allegory of the Cave, Socrates and Glaucon are conversing. Socrates asks Glaucon toRead MoreWhat do Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix all have in common? All of them study the possibility that600 Words   |  3 PagesWhat do Plato, Descartes, and The Matrix all have in common? All of them study the possibility that our world is just a fantasy. They also demand that we took a good look into the relationship concerning our senses and reality. There is one similarity between all three works that is clear: their writers are skeptical that the real world that surrounds could just be a product of our faulty senses. Can we really rely on them to justify whether or not what we are perceiving is real? â€Å"All that I haveRead MoreThe Matrix Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast The Matrix with the readings from Plato and Descartes. What are some similarities and differences? An Essay Submitted to Jason Elvis BY Williestine Harriel Liberty University online September 24, 2012 Compare and Contrast The Matrix with the readings from Plato and Descartes. What are some similarities and differences? After reading The Matrix, and reading from Plato and Descartes, I find that there are some similarities and differencesRead MoreAngelabrafford-Phil Essay830 Words   |  4 Pages Great philosophers such as Plato, Socrates and Descartes developed theories thousands of years ago which changed the thought processes of many. These theories today are still influencing the lives of others. The Matrix, a very well-known movie released in 1999, retelling Plato’s theory, questioned the existence of reality and /or what we perceive as reality. The Matrix, Plato’s ‘Allegory of the Cave’ and Descartes ‘Meditation I’, all have similar views on reality, illusionRead MoreThe Matrix Is Highly Action Packed1220 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the film The Matrix debuted in 1999, it was an instant box office success that captivated many viewers. However throughout the featured famed actors, costumes, special effects and fight scene s, many viewers failed to notice the philosophical issues. Plato and Descartes, just like the characters in the movie are faced and driven to extreme measures to understand the world around them. They are compelled to seek knowledge in understanding what is real, evaluating the mind-body problem, and are

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Creating Slave Laws Essay Example For Students

Creating Slave Laws Essay The institution of slavery is a black mark on the record of Americans. Marking a time of hate and racism, an oppression spurred by fear that would plague our nation for decades upon decades. An Act for the Better Order and Government of Negroes and Slaves, and Conflicts between Masters and Slaves: Maryland in the Mid-Seventeenth Century, illustrate the dismay and panic European Colonials endured as they enslaved Africans. This dismay and panic generated laws to be established that further widened the gap between Europeans and Africans, stripping the Africans of any legal rights. The dismay and panic concerned loosing a valuable economic pawn. The first piece, An Act for Better Ordinance, clearly portrays the attitude of the majority of White Europeans. Whereaes the plantations and estates of this Province cannot be well and sufficiently manages and brought into use, without the labor and service of negroes and other slaves i.e., Indians; and forasmuch as the said negroes and other slaves brought unto the people of this Province for that purpose, are barbarous, wild, savage natures, and such as renders them wholly unqualified to be governed by the laws, customs, and practices of this Province; but that is absolutely necessary.1 The white men of the time felt that their superiority was deemed by a higher power, why else would their skin tones be so drastically different. Racist views of these savage men created fear. With the growing number of slaves, they had to be stripped of everything to prevent anarchy, as the white men could not envision a world without slave labor. The white men rationalized that slaves will escape. To prevent this one must allow them nothing beyond the plantation they were running from. The white men turn to government. And for the better security of all such persons that shall endeavor to take any run-away, or shall examine any slave for his ticket, passing to and from his masters plantation, it is hereby declared lawful for any white person to beat, maim or assault, and if such negro or slave cannot otherwise be taken, to kill him, who shall refuse to shew his ticket, or, by running away or resistance, shall endeavor to avoid being apprehended or taken.2 White men had granted themselves a license to kill Africans whose desire for freedom was too strong. Likewise, the second piece, Conflicts between Masters and Slaves, continues to clarify the sentiment of white slave owners. Whereupon Mr. Overzee beate him with some peare tree wands or tweiggs to the bigness of mans finger att the biggest end, which hee held in his hand, and uppon the stubberness of the negro caused his dublett to be taken of and whipd him upon his bare back . . . 3 This testimony was given at a trial holding Mr. Overzee responsible for the death of the slave that ensued from the beating described. The case discussed illustrates that there was an extent. The license to kill apparently had restrictions. However, Mr. Overzee was acquitted when the case went before a higher court.4 Equally important as the feelings of slave owners and the means that they used to justify their feelings is the fact that these two pieces are not biased. Securing the Leg Irons: Restriction of Legal Rights for Slaves in Virginia and Maryland, 1625-1791 and Enslaved African rebellions in Vir ginia continue to demonstrate the fear of slave labor disappearing caused many to turn to government. Securing the Leg Irons vocalizes the relationship of slave and owner, the right of personal liberty in the slave is utterly inconsistent with the idea of slavery, and whenever the slave acquires this right, his condition is ipso facto changed . . . So long as two races of men live together, the one as masters and the others as dependents and slaves to a certain extent, all of the superior race shall exercise a controlling power over the inferior.5 This view on the association between the two classes does not ignore fear of the freedom of slaves as factor in legal proceedings but lays the groundwork for legal justification of the treatment of slaves. Outwin goes on to articulate the slaves were more valuable as slaves

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Cochlear Bionic Ear Essays - Otology, Audiology, Artificial Organs

Cochlear Bionic Ear 1. Issues ? Should they increase or decrease the price? ? Should they invest in marketing their implant better? ? Should they use the extra capacity to launch a children model or a cheaper second one? 2. Background Company In 1979, Nucleus Limited, a local company specializing in cardiac pacemakers and diagnostics ultrasound imaging equipment was chosen to commercialize an implanting hearing devices into the cochlea, or inner ear, invented by the University of Melbourne, Australia. By September 1982, they were ready to perform the first implant, which proved to be a huge success. The following year, Nucleus Cochlear Pty Limited set up in Sydney to handle the new innovation's research and development, manufacturing, and sales. The first US implant took place in 1983. Real momentum began two years later when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave its approval. Only when this had been granted would US health insurers provide coverage for the product and the surgical procedure necessary to implant it. In 1989, Cochlear produced and began clinical tests on the world's first inner ear implant for children. Cochlear introduced the European market in 1986, and set up an office, Cochlear AG in Basel, Switzerland, in 1987. The FDA's opinion was regularly adopted by the European medical authorities, which didn't have regulatory bodies such as the FDA for medical devices. By 1989, when the national health systems in certain countries began to reimburse patients in full or on a quota basis, the company's European position strengthened, which led to worldwide growth from 1988 to 1989 despite the decrease in US unit sales. In an attempt to open up the Japanese market, a four-man operation called Nihon Cochlear was establish in Tokyo in 1988. On this market the FDA was not valid and a governmental import license, which Cochlear was waiting for had to be obtained. The company reached financial breakeven for the first time in 1986. Unit sales in the US increased from 409 in 1987 to 596 the following year, although they decreased to 553 in 1989. Market There were two categories of deaf people, about equal in size: ?postlingually deaf? (due to illness, accident,), and ?prelingually deaf? (deaf at birth). The hearing impaired market was comprised of the profoundly deaf and the severely deaf. Severely deaf people could be helped, to a greater or lesser extent, by a hearing aid, which amplified sound, at a cost of $1,000. Unsatisfied people could represent a potential market. Generally, hearing aids were useless for the profoundly deaf people. Researches showed that the market size in developed countries was estimated at 500,000 profoundly deaf adults worldwide, and another 500,000 severely deaf adults. One piece of research showed that over 40% of potential users were against the idea of ?having wires in their head?, ?were afraid of doctors and hospitals?, or ?saw the procedure as far too risky to justify?. Cochlear therefore estimated that only about 10% of the profoundly deaf, or about 50,000 patients worldwide, were possible implant candidates. Apart from this backlog, the data suggested that another 3,000 new cases occurred each year worldwide. Cochlear assumed that about 10% of deaf people were able to fund the implant themselves. Widely dispersed, there were deaf people in all age categories, although 25% of the profoundly deaf were over 65 years of age. The decision-making process for an ear implant could be complex, as there were many actors and influences well beyond just the end user. These included doctors, regulatory authorities, families, insurance companies, deaf associations, and the media. The characteristics of patients and doctors differed in the US, Europe, and Japan. American patients tended to be litigation prone and self-directed in their decisions. American specialists characteristically offered patients' options rather than dictating what had to be done. European deaf patients were more influenced by the surgeon, were not as litigation minded, and the quality of life was more pivotal in their decision making than were professional prospects. They were somewhat swayed by the look of the device, although less so than Americans. Since the main motive for Japanese patients was to cure the problem, they tended to do as their doctors told them. Of the 7,000 American ENT (ear-nose-throat) specialists, 200 fitted Cochlear devices in the implant centers, of which 100 did so at least once a year. Of the 2,500

Thursday, March 12, 2020

The making of a torturer essays

The making of a torturer essays How have various social psychological perspectives sought to explain the making of a torturer? OByrne (2003, p.192) Torture is an unlawful and immoral act which pain and suffering is inflicted upon a human being for many purposes, one of them being to extract information. There are a number of torture methods which are commonly used even today and this raises the question why and how torturers are brought about, which social and psychological factors contribute towards the making of a torturer and how do these factors explain it altogether? Although the impulse for aggression and destruction is part of a basic human instinct (OByrne 2003, p. 181) there are a number of theories that attempt to explain the making of a torturer such as Adornos theory of the authoritarian personality, Milgrams theory of obedience, and Festingers theory of cognitive dissonance in the studies by OByrne (2003 p.181). Adorno identified the authoritarian personality type as having these characteristics; the authoritarian personality does not want to give orders, their personality type wants to take orders. People with this type of personality seek conformity, security and stability. (Rebecca Riehm 2000, p007). This theory might help to explain the making of a torturer in a way that they are easily manipulated into performing the act as they tend to get anxious and insecure when events or circumstances modify or upset their previously existing world view. While a torturer might be a result of a social construction, studies were made into the willingness of people to inflict pain upon others. It is common for torturers to justify their actions as merely the carrying out of orders (OByrne 2003 p.182). An Example of this would be the torturing of the Iraqi soldiers by American soldiers in the Iraq war. One s ...